Sentence Outline of
James Kincaid's New Yorker Article "Purloined Letters: Are We Too Quick
to Denounce Plagiarism?"
| I Topic: Plagiarism occurs in the world of poetry | ||||
| Bowers is plagiarized by Sumner | ||||
| Sumner's "Someone Forgotten" | ||||
| Bowers' "Tenth-Year Elegy" | ||||
| Sumner is a bad "editor" / clever plagiarist | ||||
| His emendations cause the poem to suffer | ||||
| II Topic: Plagiarism occurs in college | ||||
| A student plagiarist of Dorothy Van Ghent paid for a copied essay | ||||
| III Topic: Journalistic plagiarism is common | ||||
| Ruth Shalit is accused of four infractions | ||||
| Peter Stone's National Journal piece | ||||
| Ruth Shalit's Times Magazine piece | ||||
| Ruth Shalit is good "editor" but unfortunately a plagiarist | ||||
| Her emendations improve the piece | ||||
| IV Topic: There is, however, such a thing as "Non-felonious copying" | ||||
| The AP Wire is a source of copying | ||||
| Shawn Pogatchnik's 2nd parag on the Protestant march [AP Wire] | ||||
| Kevin Cullen's 2nd parag on the Protestant march [Boston Globe] | ||||
| Fred Barbash's 2nd parag on the Protestant march [Washington Post] | ||||
| Louis J. Salome's 2nd parag on the Protestant march [Atlanta Journal-Constitution] | ||||
| Charles Dickens satirizes the literary magpie in Pickwick Papers | ||||
| [Kincaid here deliberately "borrows" a Dickens sentence he's just quoted to show influence at work.] | ||||
| There are problems with plagiarism as defined by Northwestern University | ||||
| Can we all be as identity-challenged as Sumner apparently is? | ||||
| He claimed to be resident in Japan | ||||
| He claimed to be named David Sumner | ||||
| He claimed to be his own brother | ||||
| V Topic: Plagiarism remains common despite popular denunciation | ||||
| Joseph Biden plagiarized even his acknowledgment that he'd plagiarized | ||||
| J.F.K.'s famous line "Ask not . . ." was lifted from Harding, who'd lifted it from Oliver Wendell Holmes | ||||
| Kincaid's congressman uses a phrase from Hamlet which has become proverbial | ||||
| Great writers have often been plagiarists | ||||
| Shakespeare | ||||
| Montaigne | ||||
| Webster | ||||
| Jonson | ||||
| Sterne | ||||
| Dryden | ||||
| Lessing | ||||
| Diderot | ||||
| Coleridge | ||||
| De Quincey | ||||
| Reade | ||||
| Plato | ||||
| VI Topic: The idea of plagiarism as we know it is quite recent | ||||
| Aristotle noted that "All men delight in imitation" | ||||
| Mark Rose Authors and Owners [1993] is about the birth of our concept | ||||
| In 1710 England formally recognized the rights of authors | ||||
| Plagiarism, then, is not a "natural" or obvious concept | ||||
| The modern concept sets up writing as the creation of a discrete product, subject to law | ||||
| T.S. Eliot disagreed | ||||
| Goethe disagreed | ||||
| Roland Barthes disagreed | ||||
| [According to structuralism, the mind does not own language; language owns the mind] | ||||
| Helen Keller [almost wholly mind] disagreed | ||||
| Frye, an anti-Romantic, argued poets [and the rest of us] are products of linguistic environments: "poems are made by piracy" | ||||
| The law disagrees, but the Web will threaten the law | ||||
| Literacy experts are rediscovering "the power of copying" as useful | ||||
| Kincaid contrasts fifth-grader plagiarism of the encyclopedia | ||||
| Kincaid contrasts his own use of reference sources [no need to cite] in something he's put his name to | ||||
| Kincaid positions himself close to Sumner now, as one who hides his debt to other writers [tone is comic now: "I was not born last Thanksgiving"] | ||||
|
VII
Conclusion: Plagiarism and originality "are relative
concepts" | ||||
| Plagiarism-is-like-cooking simile: there is a full range from poisoning to home-made | ||||
| The author returns to Bowers, who suggests on reflection that the Sumner episode may not be so weird after all | ||||
| Bowers discovered he may have unconsciously plagiarized Mary Oliver | ||||
| The "plagiarism proctor" is presented as a paranoid personality who feels his individuality threatened, wants to think of his sentences as entirely his own, when they never are | ||||
| David Jones should be "locked up" but "as for the rest, who cares?" | ||||
| Clincher: Kincaid is, finally, willing to admit certain types of plagiarist, such as Shakespeare, into his private space. | ||||